Htun Aung Gyaw
Special to The Nation January 4, 2013 1:00 am
The battle between the Kachin Independence Army
(KIA) and the Myanmar army escalated from a ground battle to a conflict
with air strikes on December 28. Even if Myanmar troops capture the
Kachin headquarters, this conflict will not stop there - the war will go
on, and many precious lives will be wasted.
When U Thein Sein was elected as president of Myanmar, he ordered the
army to stop fighting in Kachin State. However, army chief of staff,
General Min Aung Hlaing, paid no attention to the president's order and
continued to fight. Questioned about this, Nay Pyi Taw said troops on
the frontier had not received the order yet, and it was hard to convey
the message while they were there. It said the order would reach the
troops fighting against the KIA shortly. But it has been more than a
year, and now the army is using air strikes to try to capture the Kachin
headquarters at Laiza, which is near the border with China.
Without China's blessing or green light, government forces would not
dare to use air strikes against the Kachin headquarters. So, it seems
that Beijing has agreed to eliminate the KIA, which was once a trade
partner with China. A mega dam on the Irrawaddy River was halted by
Thein Sein after he began his term as president, because of nationwide
outrage over such a project on the most important river for Burmese
people. The decision upset the Chinese because the dam would have
generated electricity that Yunnan province needs for its development.
But the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO) opposed the Myitsone Dam,
as it was against the will of local people.
In addition, the building of a pipeline from Arakan State to Yunnan has
seen a tremendous effort by the Chinese. However, they have used only
their own workers to build it. Local people did not get any benefit from
the pipeline project and it has upset the whole nation. The pipeline
will also cross through some villages in Kachin State. As a result the
villagers will be moved by force - destroying their livelihoods.
Furthermore, people that were forced to move when the Myitsone Dam
project started now want to go back to their villages, but they have not
been allowed to return, even though the project was halted. China needs
the Myanmar army more than it needs the KIO. The government gave them a
green light to build the mega dam and pipeline for their own benefit.
It favoured China - but the KIO rejected both the dam and the pipeline.
It is clear that favouring the Myanmar army instead of the KIO is more
beneficial for the Chinese government. As a result, they have turned a
blind eye to Myanmar government forces crossing the border and making
air strikes against the KIA base.
Before 1988, Burma was heavily dependent on a black market economy.
Border trade was the main source for basic needs such as soap, clothing
and machine parts from neighbouring countries such as China, Thailand
and India. Most products came from Thailand and China. The Karen
resistance, the Karen National Union (KNU), controlled the Thai-Myanmar
border trade and enjoyed close ties with Thai generals and politicians.
Buying food, medicine, arms and ammunition from the Thais was not
difficult for the KNU.
After nationwide demonstrations in 1988, the Myanmar army changed its
"closed door" economic policy to an open-door policy, to eliminate the
black market and promote open trade. For the Thais, dealing directly
with the military regime is far more beneficial than dealing with the
KNU and other ethnic resistance groups. Their national and personal
interests favour those who will give them more profit than the other.
They do not care if the Myanmar regime commits crimes or violates human
rights. They only care about their national interest. As a result, Thais
turned their back on the KNU and resistance groups, blocking dealers
who used to sell arms and ammunition, and imposing travel restrictions
inside Thai territory. The border trade died down and it was hard to
purchase arms and ammunition, which weakened the ethnic resistance
groups. On the other hand, the open economic policy has caused trade to
boom between neighbouring countries and Myanmar.
In the early 1990s, when the Myanmar army started an offensive on the
(KNU's) Wankha camp, the Thai army allowed Myanmar government troops to
cross into Thailand to attack the camp from both sides. Now, the Chinese
are doing the same thing by permitting Myanmar's warplanes to use
Chinese airspace to attack Kachin strongholds.
In conclusion, the KIO headquarters may fall into government hands,
just like Manerplaw, the KNU headquarters, did in 1995. But the Kachin
will continue their fight as guerrilla troops as long as their people
support them in the fight against the government. So, the best solution
is to discuss this conflict in parliament - and there are many questions
that need to be asked.
Why has the fighting continued to now, and for close to 18 months? How
was it started? What are the demands of the KIA -are they fair and
reasonable? What benefit will the government gain from this conflict?
What is its goal? Why is the army still fighting even though the
president ordered a ceasefire? All these matters need to be addressed in
parliament. The people need to know the answers and should be given the
right to respond.
The rational and practical thing is to take immediate action to stop
the fighting by both sides and withdraw troops to their previous
positions, which was agreed on when they made a ceasefire deal 17 years
ago. Then, start a dialogue without any conditions, together with local
dignitaries, political party leaders and UN observers. Dialogue is the
only option to settle disputes among the ethnic nationalities - not a
battle on the ground or bombing from the air.
The KIO headquarters at Laiza developed into a full-fledged town during
the ceasefire period and it would be heartbreaking to see it destroyed
by government troops. If civil war continues, there will be no
development or improved living standards for the Kachin. If Laiza is
destroyed, it will cost billions of dollars to rebuild. All the time and
effort to build the town will have been wasted. We must stop this
meaningless war, once and for all, for the sake of our country and its
citizens as a whole.
Htun Aung Gyaw is a former chairman of the All Burma Students' Democratic Front.
bY: http://www.nationmultimedia.com/opinion/Can-the-Kachin-survive-wars-escalation-by-Myanmar--30197192.html